英语中,使用"-es"来构成复数主要适用于以下几种情况:
1. 名词以不发音的 "-s" 结尾:
Man → Men
Bus → Buses
Glass → Glasses
Cactus → Cacti
Focus → Foci
Nucleus → Nuclei
2. 名词以 "-o" 结尾,且以辅音字母结尾:
Photo → Photos
Piano → Pianos
Zoo → Zoos
Studio → Studios
3. 某些以 "-is" 结尾的名词:
Actor → Actors
Cell → Cells
crisis → crises
phenomenon → phenomena
analysis → analyses
4. 某些以 "-ous" 结尾的名词:
Hero → Heroes
Tomato → Tomatoes
5. 某些以 "-us" 结尾的名词:
Mouse → Mice
Focus → Foci
Crisis → Crises
6. 某些以 "-um" 结尾的名词:
-adium → -dia (如:cranium → crania)
album → -la (如:carnival → carnivals)
7. 某些以 "-x" 结尾的名词:
Box → Boxes
8. 某些以 "-y" 结尾的名词,如果 "y" 前面是辅音字母,通常变 "y" 为 "i" 再加 "es":
Baby → Babies
City → Cities
Party → Parties
9. 某些以 "-ss" 结尾的名词:
Kiss → Kisses
Boss → Bosses
请注意,虽然以上是一些常见的规则,但英语中也有一些不规则变化,需要特殊记忆。